Marine turbine



H. F. SCHMIDT MARINE TURBINE APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 27, 1916.

HIS ATTORN EYSiN FACT,

a citizen of UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY F. SCHMIDT, 01? PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTINGHOUSEELECTRIC 8t MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

' Patented July 6, 192@.

Lpplieationmed September. 27, 1916. Serial No. 122,506.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY F; SoHMm'r,

the United States, and a resident of Pittsburgh, in the'county ofAllegheny and State of Pennsylvanla, have made a new and useful inventon n Marine Turbines, of which the .following is a speciiication.

This invention relates to turbines and particularly to turbineinstallations adapted for use in marine propulsion The object ofthisinyention is to produce an organized turbine unlt, n wh ch means areemployed for obtaining high economy throughout a wide range of loadsandspeed's.

A further object is to produce a marine turbine unit so subdivided'thatthe unit is capable of developing substantially full speed underemergency conditlons or when one or another of the sections are renderedinoperative. I

A further object 1s to produce a marine turbine unit in which meansareemployed for reversing the vessel dlflerent speeds and at the same timemaintaining a hlgh economy in the operation of the turbine. A

further object is to-produce a turbine unit which is lighter than; otherunits now inj use and known to me hav ng the same capacity. and one inwhich the friction losses are reduced under light loadand low speedconditions.

These and other objects which will be made apparent throughout thefurther de scription of my invention are attained by means of apparatusembodymg the features herein described and illustrated.

In the drawing accompanying and forming a part hereof, Figure 1 is adiagrammatic plan view of a turbine installation e'mbodyingmy invention.Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a low pressure section, whichmay be substituted for one oi the, low pressure sections of theapparatus shown in Fig. 1. 0

The apparatus illustrated, includes a high pressure turbine section 3and two low pressure sections 4 and 5. The separate sections are showngeared to a singlie driven agent, as for example the propel er shaft 6.by means of a reduction gearing 7.

The high pressure section illustrated, includes an ahead element and anastern element, both of which are located within the same casing and areprovided witha common rotor, which is illustrated as opera-- tivelcoupled or connected to a pinion 8, whic 1 forms an element of areduction gearmg 7., and meshes with the large or main gear 9. The aheadelement of the high pressure section includes two stages 10 and 11 Bothstages are shown as of the impulse type and as comprising one or moreexpansion nozzles and two rows of impulse bladeswhich are mounted uponthe same blade carrying wheel. It will be understood that anintermediate row of stationary directing vanes is employed between eachrow of movingblades of each stage. The stage 10 is essentially a highpressure stage and includes exiiansion nozzles 12 which receive highpressure fluid and deliver it to the first row of moving blades forminga part of the stage. Means may be employed for shutting oil one or moreofthe nozzles so that the amount of fluid delivered to the unit may beproportioned, to the load, without throttling the fluid. The stage 11may 'be termed an intermediate pressure stage, and communicates with thestage 10 by Under full load. condltions, or \vh'ilethe marine turbine isdriving the vessel ahead and at maximum speed, a portion of the steamissuing from the last row of blades of the ahead stage 10 is deliveredto the low pressure section 4:, whereas the remainder of the steam 1sdelivered to the intermediate stage 11. The steam issuing from the lastrow of blades of the intermediate stage 11 till lib

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element of the is delivered to the ahead element of the low pressuresection' 5, from which it is discharged into the exhaust.

As illustrated the aheadeloment 'of'the low pressure section 4 is of tinfull peripheral admission type, that is st am is simultaneouslydelivered to all of the blades of a single row, whereas the separateahead stages of the high pressure section are what may be termedpartially or variable admission types of turbine elements, since thesteam maybe delivered to a ortion only of the blades ofa single row.ment of the section 4 is also shown as of the type in which a single rowof moving blades is included in each stage. In this connection attentionmay be called to the fact that the word'stage is employed herein todesignate cooperating turbine elements which expand the steamand'abstract all of the kinetic or velocity able by the expansio fterthe steam has traversed the working passages of the ahead section 4, itis discharged through an exhaust port 16 which may communicate with acondenser, not'shown.

The low pressure section 5 is illustrated as including two low pressureahead stages 17, through which the steam flows in opposite axialdirections. These sta es operate in parallel on steam discharged fromthe intermediate stage 11 and are both of the full peripheral admissiontype with one or more moving rows of blades per stage. As shown, each.stage includes a series of expanding nozzles 18 and two rows of movingblades which are mounted on a blade carrying wheel, and are arranged toabstract all of the velocity energy occasioned by expanding the steam asit traverses the expanding nozzles of the stage. Each stage 17communicates with a separate exhaust port 19, which may in turncommunicate with a condenser.

hen the turbine is propelling the vessel ahead, and at maximum speed,steam is delivered to the hi h pressure stage 10 through all of itsnozzfias- 12. The steam issuing from the last row of blades of thisstage is divided into two streams one of which is delivered throughpiping 20 to the inlet port 21 of the ahead element of the low pressuresection 4, whereas the othertstream is delivered through the stagenozzles 14 to the intermediate stage 11. The steam issuing from the lastrow of blades of this stage is delivered through piping 22 to the inletport 23 of the ahead stages of the low pressure section 5. It will benoted that the ahead element of the section 4 is provided with two inletports 21 and 21. The port 21 is so located that fluid delivered throughit bypasses the first stages of the element, whereas the port 21 is-solocated that the fluid delivered through it passes in series throu h allof the ahead stages of the section 4. T e

he ahead eleenergy rendered. availn.

I from the reversing piping 20 is provided with a valve 21", which maybe employed to cut off the delivery of fluid through the port 21 whenthe section 4 is receiving steam through the port 21 and a valve 21 isprovidedto cut off the delivery of fluid through the port 21'.

When the turbine is operating at reduced speed or is driving the vesselahead and at a speed which, in naval parlance may be termed cruisingspeed, a valve 24, located in the piping 20 is closed, and consequentlyall )f the steam issuing from the .last row of blades of the highpressure stage 10 is delivered to the intermediate stage 11. All thefluid issuing from the last row of blades of this stage is deliveredthrough piping 25 and the piping 20 to the inlet port 21' of the lowpressure section 4. The piping 25 is provided with a valve 26 which isclosed under full power conditions or when the valve 24 is open. Thevalve 21" is open and the valve 21 is closed under full powerconditions, whereas the valve 21 is open and valve 21 closed underreduced power conditions. The piping 22 is also provided with a valve 27which is closed while the turbine unit is developing reduced speed.

It will be apparant that the arrangement of turbine sections illustratedlends itself to various combinations which may be employed fordeveloping power at diflerent speeds, for example; the valve 27 may beopen when both the valves 24 and 26 are closed, or the valve 27 may beopen when the valve 24 is closed and the valve 26 is open. With thisarran ement of valves the fluid issuing from the fist row of blades ofthe intermediate section will be divided into two streams, one of whichis delivered to section 4, and the other to the section 5.

The reversing element of the low pressure section 4 is illustrated as asingle stage of the two velocity drop impulse type and its deliverynozzles 28, receive steam discharged element of the hi h pressuresection 3 through piping 29. The section 5, as shown is provided withtwo reversing elements 30 which are located on opposite sides of theahead elements 17 and through which steam flows in opposite axialdirections. Each of these reversing elements is illustrated as a singleimpulse stage and is similar to the stage which forms the reversingelement of the section 4. Both the reversing stages of the section 5receive steam discharged from the reversing stage of the'high pressuresection 3.

lVhen the turbine is reversin at full s eed, steam is delivered to all 0the nozzes 15 of the reversing stage formin a part of the high pressuresection 3. he steam issuing from the last row of blades of this stage isdivided into three streams, one of which is delivered through the piping29, piping 31, and 'a branch piping 32 to one Iii reversing stage of theelement section 5; one stream is delivered through the branch pipe 33 tothe other reversing stage 30 of the section 5, and the third stream isdelivered to the reversing element of'the section 4 through the piping29. The reversing stage of the low pressure section 4.6.18-

charges through the exhaust port 16 of that section and each reversingstage of the low pressure section 5 discharges throughone of the exhaustports 19 of that section. When 1 which may be closed to shut offcommunica-' tion between the reversing'stage of the high pressuresection3 and reversing stage section 4. When this valve is closed thevalve f 34 must be opened and all of the steam discharged from thereversing stage of the high pressure section will then be divided in twostreams and delivered to the reversing stages of the low pressuresection 5. With this arrangement the turbine may be reversed at fullspeed, with all of the reversing stages receivingsteam; it maybereversed at intermediate speed with the reversing stages of sections 3and 5 receiving steam or it may be reversed at low speed withthereversing stages of the sections 3 and 4; receiving steam.

As illustrated the section 4 is operatively connected to pinion 36,which is similar to the pinion 8, and, meshing with the large gear 9,forms a part of the reduction gearing 7. This pinion may, and preferablywill be of larger diameter than the pinion 8. The low pressure section 5is shown operatively connected to the pinion 37, which meshes with thegear 9 and forms a part of the reduction gearing 7 and which may be ofdifferent diameter from either gears 8 or 36. It will be apparent thatadisconnectible clutch or coupling 39 may be located be tween eachpinion and theturbine section driving it.

In the drawings I have shown a valve 40 locatedin the pipe 20 soarranged that it is capable of cutting off communication be tween "thehigh pressure section 3 and the low pressure section a. I have alsoshown the pipe 20 provided with a high pressure steam connectional whichis so located, with relation to the valve 40, that it is ca able ofdelivering high pressure steam to t e inlet port 21 of the section awhen the valve 410 is closed. I have also shown a' high pressure steamsupply 42 communicating with the pipe 22 and so located that itis'capable of delivering high pressure steam to the port 23 of thesection 5, when the valve 27 is closed. With this arrangement highpressure steam maybe delivered to either or both of the low pressuresections under emergency conditions.

, I have also shown a high pressure steam connection 43 on the piping 29so arranged that high pressure steam may be delivered to thereversingstage of the section a when the valve 35 is closed. A high pressuresteam connection l i, communicates with the branch piping 33 so thathigh pressure steam may be delivered to both the reversing stages 30 ofthe low pressure section 5 when the valve 34% is closed.

- While I have illustrated what I now consider to be the preferredembodiment of my invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in theart that various changes, modifications, substitutions, additions andomissions may be made in the apparatus illustrated without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appendedclaims.

What I claim is: p 1., A turbine unit comprising a high pressure sectionadapted to pass all fluid re-- quired under full power conditions andtwo low pressure sections, a separate shaft driven by each section, andmeans for delivering motive fluid from one stage of the high pressuresection to one low-pressure section, and

from another stage of the high pressure sec tion to the other lowpressure section under full power conditions. i

2. A turbine unit comprising a multi-stage high pressure section adaptedto pass all fluidrequired under full power conditions and two lowpressure sections, means for delivering motive fluid from one stage ofthe high pressure section to one low pressure section and from a stageof lower pressure of the high pressure section to the other low pressuresection under full power conditions, and means fordelivering fluid toboth low pressure sections from the stage of lower pressure of the highpressure section under reduced power conditions.

- 3. A turbine unit comprising a high pressure section adapted to passall fluid required under full power conditions and at least one lowpressure section, means for delivering motive fluid from one-stage ofthe high pressure section to the low pressure section under full powerconditions and for delivering motive fluid from a stage of lowerpressure of the high pressure section to the low pressure sections underreduced power conditions.

4. A turbine unit comprising a high pres sure section adapted to passall fluid required under full power conditions, and at least two lowpressure sections, means for deliveringmotive fluid from differentstages of the high pressure section to the low preshad .sure sectionsduring full power conditions and means for delivering motive fluid from'a' stage of the high pressure section to one low pressure section onlyduring reduced power conditions.

5. Aturbine unit comprising a hi h presduring full power conditions,and-means for cutting off the supply of fluid to one low pressuresection under reduced power con- 'ditions.

.6. A turbine unit comprising a hi h pressure section adapted to passall uid required under 1111 power conditions, atleast two low pressuresections, means ,for delivering motive fluid from one stage of the Ihigh pressure section to one low pressure section, means for deliveringmotive fluid "from another stage of the high pressure secthereto from astageof lower pressure when U the unit is developing reduced power.

has

tion to another of the low pressure sections during full powerconditions, and means forcutting off the normal supply of fluid to onelow'pressure section and for delivering fluid 1 7 A turbineunit'comprising a hi h pressure section adapted to pass all pressuresection, means for delivering fluid from one stage of the high pressuresection A to the lowpressure section under full power j 'conditions,means for, delivering motive .40" high pressure section to the lowfluidfrom a stage of lower pressure of the section during reduced powerconditions, a

second low pressure section, and means for deliv'eringmotive fluid fromone of the stages of the high pressure section to said second' lowpressure section.

i 8. A turbine un1t comprislng a hl h pressure section adapted to passall uid required under full power conditions and twov low pressuresections'operating in parallel on fluid discharged from the highpressure section under full power conditions, each low pressure sectionreceiving fluid discharged from a separate stage of the high pressuresection. A

9. A turbine unit comprising a 'multistage high pressure section adaptedto pass all fluid required under full ower conditions, two low pressuresections a apted to operate in parallel on fluid delivered from the highpressure section under full power conditions, means for cutting off thesupply of fluid to one low pressure section, and for delivering fluid tothe other section from a stage of lower pressure under reduced powerconsingle supplying fluid to the double uid re quired under full powerconditions, a low pressure closing olf the normal suppl 'ditions thanthat from which it receives fluid under full power condition.

10. A turbine unit comprising a multistage high pressure section, asingle flow low pressure section, a double flow low pressure section,means for operating said low pressure sections in parallel on fluiddischarged from the high pressure section low pressure section receivingfluid from one stazige of the high pressure section, a

ow low pressure section and means for cutting off the delivery of fluidto the double flow section under reduced power conditions and forplacing the single flow section in communication with the stage pressuresection.

'pressuresection', means for delivering fluid from the high pressuresection to the double flow section and means for substituting the singleflow section for the double flow section under reduced power conditions.v i 13. A turbine unit comprising a multistage high pressure section, aseparate double flow low pressure section, a separate single flow lowpressure section, means for delivering fluid from one stage of the highpressure section to the single flow section means for delivering fluidfrom a stage of lower pressure of the high pressure section to thedouble flow section, and means for of fluid to the single flow sectionand or delivering 'fluid thereto from a stage of lower pressure of thehigh pressure section under reduced power conditions.

14. A turbine unit comprising a multistage high pressure' section, aseparate double flow low pressure section, a separate single flow lowressure section, means for delivering fluid rom one stage of the highpressure section to the single flow section means fordelivering fluidfrom a stage 0% lower pressure of the high pressure section to thedouble flow section, and means for closing off the normalsu ply of fluidto the single flow section and or delivering fluid thereto from a stageof lower pressure of the high pressure section and for cutting off thesupply of fluid to the double flow section, under reduced powerconditions.

15. A turbine unit comprising a high pressure section and two lowpressure sections, each section including ahead and reversing elements,means for operating the till it it all till

it it the low pressure reversing elements.

eat er ahead elements of the low pressure section in parallel on fluiddischarged. from the ahead element of the high pressure section andmeans tor operating the reversing elements of the low pressure elementsin parallel on fluid discharged from the reversing element of the high'pressure section.

l6. ll turbine unit comprising a high pressure section, and two lowpressure sec tions, each receiving fluid from a different stage of thehigh pressure section, a reversing element in each section and means fordelivering fluid discharged from the high pressure reversing element toone or both oil 17. it turbine unit comprising a high pressure section,two low pressure sections, means for delivering motive fluid from onestage of the high pressure section to one low pressure section, meansfor delivering steam trorn another stage or the high pressure element tothe other low pressure element, and

means for delivering high pressure motive tluid to each low pressuresection under emergency conditions.

18. A turbine unit comprising a multistage high pressure section, amultistage low pressure section, .rneans for delivering iluid .lrorn ahigh pressure stage oi the high pressure section to a low pressureeta-gent the low pressure section while developing lull power, and meansfor delivering tluid. trom a stage ot lower pressure of the highpressure section to the initial stage out the r low pressure sectionunder reduced power conditions.

19. in a turhine unit a multistage high pressure section, two lowpressure sections, at least one of which is provided with a plurality ofstages adapted to operate in series, means tor delivering; Itluid from ahigh pressure stage oil the high pre sure section to an intermediatestage of the multistage low pressure section and nieans tor deliveringfluid. iroin a stage of lower pressure of the high pressure section tothe other low pressure section, an der tull power conditions, and means:tor delivering fluid from a low pressure stage oi? the high pressuresection to the initial stageot' the multistage section and tor cuttingoil the supply of :tluid to the other low pres-- sure section whiledeveloping reduced power.

in a turhine unit a multistage high pressure section, two low pressuresections, at least one at which is provided with a plurality oi stagesseries, means tor delivering fluid from a high pressure stage of thehigh pressure section to an intermediate stage of the multistage lowpressure section and means for delivering tluid from a stage of lowerpressure at the high pressure section to the other low pressure section,under full power conditions, and means for delivering fluid trorn a lowpressure out the high pressure section to the initial stage of themultistage section and for cutting off the supply of fluid to the otherlow pressure section while developing reduced power, a reversing elementfor each section and means for delivering fluid from the high pressurereversing element to one or both oi the low pressure reversing elements.

21. ln a turbine unit a multistage high pressure section, two lowpressure sections, at least one oif which is provided with a pluralityof stages adapted to operate in series, means for delivering fluid froma high pressure stage oi the high pressure section to an intermediatestage of the multistage low pr ssure section and means for deliveringfluid from a stage of lower pressure ot' the high. pressure section tothe other low pressure section, under iull power con ditions, and meanstor delivering fluid from a low pressure stage of the high pressuresection to the initial stage of the multistage section and for cuttingoil the supply of fluid to the other low pressure section whiledeveloping reduced power, a reversing element for each section, meanstor delivering iluid 'lrom the high pressure reversing element to one orhoth of the low pressure reversing elements and means for deliveringhigh. pressure steam to the low pressure ahead and reversing elementsunder emergency conditions,

252;, A turhine unit comprising a high pressure section adapted to passall iluid required. under full power conditions and at least two lowpressure sections, characterined hy the tact that means are employed fordelivering motive tluid from different stages the high pressure sectionto the different low pressure sections under full power." conditions.

In testimony whereof l have hereunto suhr rihed nature this 26th day ofEspternher, lllld ltltliilllldlt il htllllllllll'l.

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